First Law: Application of first law of unsteady flow, filling and evacuation of a tank. Application of SEE to steam flow through processes like throlting, nozzle, turbine and condenser.

Second law: Reversible and irreversible processes; Thermodynamic temperature scale; Claudius inequality; Principle of increase of entropy of the universe; Availability of closed and open systems; irreversibility and effectiveness of different processes; second law analysis.

Thermodynamic Relations: Important mathematical relations, Maxwell relations; specific heat, entropy and energy relations; Claudius Clapcyron's equation; Application to gasses.

Pure Substance; PVT relationships; PVT relationship for ideal gas and real gases; Vander Wal's equation; Other equations of state; Critical point for Vander Wall's equation; Other equations of state ; Critical point for Vander Wall's gas; PVT surfaces; Compressibility factor, Law of corresponding states; Use of generalized compressibility chart.

Gas Mixture; Laws of gas mixtures, relations for molecular weight. Gas constant and specific heat of mixture; Gravimetric and Volumetric analysis, gas and vapour mixtures

Chemical Equilibrium & combustion: Stolchlometric combustion; Incomplete combustion and combustion with air, Orsat analysis; enthalpy or formation; First and second law analysis of combustion process; heat of reaction; adiabatic flame temperature; law of mass action; equilibrium constant

Gas Power Cycles:

1. Ideal cycles: Dual combustion, Joule Sterling, Ericssion, Alkinson and Brayton cycles, All standard efficiency; conditions for maximum work output and maximum efficiency Sterling cycle, mean effective pressure concept; JHP; map for diseal otto and dual combustion cycles

2. Actual Cycles: Actual petrol and diseal engine cycles; diagram factor; relative efficiency, thermal efficiencies, mechanical efficiency volumetric efficiency, experimental determination of BHP IHP and volumetric efficiency

Vapour power cycles: Carnal cycle. Ranking cycle, Modified Rankine cycle reheat cycle, reheat factor, regenerative feed heating, binary vapour cycle. Thermal efficiency and work rations and factors affecting them

Steam and Gas Nozzles: Introduction: Types of Nozzles steady flow energy equation in nozzle, nozzles. Momentum equations entropy, efficiency effect of friction shape of nozzle for max discharge, physical explanation of critical pressure ratios for adiabatic and frictionales expansion idea of total or stagnation enthalpy and pressure. Supersaturated flow in nozzles parameters effecting the performance of nozzles.

List of Reference Books:

1. Engineering Thermodynamics, P.K.Nag, Tata McGraw Hill.

2. Engineering Thermodynamics, C.P.Gupta, Rajendra Prakash Nemi Chand & Bros.